Common STIs

Understanding the most common sexually transmitted infections is the first step to protecting your health. Here is what you need to know.

Chlamydia

The most commonly reported bacterial STI in the United States, with nearly 1.8 million cases reported annually.

  • How it spreads: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex
  • Curable? Yes, easily cured with antibiotics
  • Often has NO symptoms, especially in women
  • If untreated, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
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Gonorrhea

A bacterial infection that can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat. Rates are rising fast, especially among young adults.

  • How it spreads: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex
  • Curable? Yes, but some strains are becoming drug-resistant
  • May cause painful urination or discharge, but often symptom-free
  • Untreated, can spread to blood and joints
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HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the immune system. Without treatment, it can lead to AIDS.

  • How it spreads: Sexual contact, shared needles, mother to baby
  • Curable? No, but highly treatable with modern medicine
  • Many people with HIV live long, healthy lives with treatment
  • Early detection and treatment are crucial
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Herpes (HSV)

Caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2). Extremely common -- more than half of Americans have HSV-1.

  • How it spreads: Skin-to-skin contact, including kissing and sexual contact
  • Curable? No, but manageable with antiviral medication
  • Many people have it and never know -- outbreaks vary widely
  • Can be transmitted even without visible sores
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HPV

Human Papillomavirus is the most common STI. Nearly every sexually active person gets HPV at some point.

  • How it spreads: Skin-to-skin sexual contact
  • Curable? No cure, but most strains clear on their own within 2 years
  • Some strains can cause genital warts or cervical cancer
  • Vaccine is available and highly effective at preventing high-risk strains
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Syphilis

A bacterial infection that progresses in stages. Syphilis rates have been rising dramatically in recent years.

  • How it spreads: Direct contact with a syphilis sore during sex
  • Curable? Yes, easily cured with antibiotics (especially early)
  • First sign is often a painless sore that may go unnoticed
  • If untreated, can damage the heart, brain, and other organs
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Trichomoniasis

Caused by a parasite, "trich" is one of the most common curable STIs. About 3.7 million Americans are infected.

  • How it spreads: Vaginal sex (penis-to-vagina or vulva-to-vulva contact)
  • Curable? Yes, cured with a single dose of antibiotics
  • Only about 30% of people develop symptoms
  • Can increase your risk of getting other STIs
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Why Testing Matters

Most STIs are easily treatable when caught early. Left untreated, they can cause infertility, chronic pain, pregnancy complications, and other serious health problems. Because many STIs have no symptoms, testing is the only way to know your status.

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Testing is quick, confidential, and completely free at Choices. No insurance or ID needed.

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